[HEA] _____________________ ___ _ |___ ______________| | | | | | | _ | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | ____ _ _ _ _ ______ | | | || | | | / __ \ | | / \_/ \ | ___ \ | | | || |__ ____ | | / / \ | | /\ /\ \ | | \ \ | | | || _ \ | _ \ | | \ \__/ | | | |_|| | | |__/ / | | | || | | || |_|| | | \___/|_| |_| |_| | ____/ |_| | || | | || |__ | |____________________ | | _ |__||_| |_|\____/ |________________________| | | |_| | | Lighting Your Apple II Path | | |_| ----------------------------------- >>> WELCOME TO THE LAMP! <<< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE BEST OF THE A2 BULLETIN BOARD ON Syndicomm Online "Teaching the Apple II user how to fish since 1998" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: The Lamp! An Onipa'a Software Production Vol. 8, No. 5 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Publisher................................Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W., L.S.W. Editor.....................................................Lyle Syverson Internet Email, Publisher.........................thelamp@sheppyware.net Internet Email, Editor................................lyle@FoxValley.net :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TABLE OF CONTENTS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ May 15, 2005 HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER---------------------------------------------[OPN] The Cyberized Neighborhood Association KansasFest 2005 A2 FORUM AT Syndicomm Online (A2Central.com) DISTILLATIONS------------[DAS] File Extensions Identified---------------------------------------[FEI] What Are Your Hobbies?-------------------------------------------[WYH] Working on SideClick Support for NDAs----------------------------[SCS] Any Suggestions for Juiced.GS?-----------------------------------[ASF] SuperDrive - SuperDrive Controller Problem-----------------------[SDC] NDA OR A CDev?---------------------------------------------------[NCD] Softdisk G-S, Softdisk, UpTime - Available Only Until June 30----[SSU] ILLUMINATING THE LAMP-------------------------------------------------[ITL] An overview of GEnieLamp A2 and The Lamp! To be Continued ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM------------------------------------------[ANS] To Sign up for Syndicomm Online----------------------------------[TSU] LETTERS TO THE EDITOR-------------------------------------------------[LTE] No Letters to the Editor This Month An Invitation KFEST 2005------------------------------------------------------------[KF5] KFest Registration - Early Bird Deadline Extended----------------[KFR] Who's Planning to be There?--------------------------------------[PBT] KansasFest 2005 to be Held July 19-24th--------------------------[TBH] KansasFest Website-----------------------------------------------[KFW] EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] [*] [*] [*] READING THE LAMP! The index system used by The Lamp! is designed to make """"""""""""""""" your reading easier. To use this system, load this issue into any word processor or text editor. In the index you will find something like: EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] To read this article, simply use your search or find command to locate [INN]. There is a similar tag at the end of each article: [EOA]. [OPN]------------------------------- HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER | ------------------------------------ From The Editor """"""""""""""" by Lyle Syverson The Cyberized Neighborhood Association ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Neighborhood organizations provide a sense of community for a section of a town or city... provide an opportunity for neighbors to work together to improve things in their area. Communication is the key to a successful neighborhood organization. Visiting over the back fence, telephone calls, publishing a newsletter, regular meetings, etc. The North End Square Neighborhood Association in Rockford, Illinois takes advantage of Cyberspace to enhance communication between it's members and the rest of the city. Their own listserve allows spreading information quickly. Email is used to distribute minutes of meetings to board members. Their own Web Site provides an efficient tool to provide information about the organization. Leading up to the annual garage sale you will find a map of the area showing the location of participating members and a list of highlighted items for sale. Need an extension ladder? Use the search feature of your browser to see who has one for sale. Drop by for a visit at www.NorthEndSquare.com KansasFest 2005 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Check out the KFest section of this issue for information on the annual gathering in honer of the Apple II computers. [EOA] ASCII ART BEGINS _________ _ _ _ |__ __| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |___ ____ | | _____ __ ___ _ _ _____ | | | | | ___ \ / __ \ | | /____ \ | v v | | v ___ \ | | | | | | | | | /__\ \ | | ____| | | /\ /\ | | / \ \ | | | | | | | | | _____| | | / ___ | | || || | | | | | |_| | | | | | | | |_____ | |____ | |__| | | || || | | \___/ / _ |_| |_| |_| \______| |______| \____^_| |_||_||_| | |\____/ |_| | | | | |_| ASCII ART ENDS [EOA] [DAS]---------------------------------------------- DISTILLATIONS FROM The A2 FORUM at Syndicomm.com | (A2Central.com) | --------------------------------------------------- by Lyle Syverson [FEI] FILE EXTENSIONS IDENTIFIED """""""""""""""""""""""""" The File Extension Source, , sounds interesting: You may know what a ".dll" file is in Windows (a Dynamic Link Library, which is "a support file and is used by one or more programs. As an example, if several parts of a program need to perform the same action that action may be placed into a .DLL file (library) that the various program parts can all use.") But if someone sent you a .vag file, would you have any clue how to open it? (You might if you had a Sony Playstation; the file would be a PlayStation ADPCM Sound File.) FILExt attempts to catalog "all" of the extensions you might run into, and gives detailed information on the file's characteristics and more. A really neat resource for the geeks ...and the puzzled. (Description from ) A quick test of the site revealed that it knows some Apple II extensions, such as SHK and BSC, but does not recognize BXY, and identifies S16 as something else. -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 6, Msg 130) [EOA] [WYH] WHAT ARE YOUR HOBBIES? """""""""""""""""""""" A conversation I had the other day got me to thinking: what is everyone's hobbies? A common interest in the Apple II is what brings us together, but chances are there's more to us than both that and what we do 9-5 M-F. For example, my interests are reflected in the fora I run here on Syndicomm: I like to watch movies, read books, play video games, and date cute girls. But my main interest is community theater, with this past Friday being opening night for my current musical, "Once Upon a Mattress"; I'll be auditioning for "The Music Man" in June. How does everyone else spend their non-Apple leisure time? Jogging? Collecting stamps? Flying kites? -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 543) >>>>> """"" Working another couple of jobs, maintaining my truck, lifting weights, running, playing basketball, reading non-fiction, practicing Nembutsu, coding, desktop publishing, investing, listening to music, and advocating for ethical adoptions and children's issues. Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 544) >>>>> """"" Most of my leisure time is absorbed running Syndicomm, but I play some computer games, mostly real-time strategy type stuff, and I watch TV. And I read, as well, when I find a new book I'd like to read. Pretty soon, I'll have no leisure time anymore. :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 545) >>>>> """"" Let's see. Rock climbing. Playing competition-level laser-tag. Snow skiing. Table tennis and ten pin bowling. Reading science fiction and fantasy. Buying far more SF&F novels in advance than I'm ever likely to read. Playing with my Palm Tungsten T3 PDA. The list used to include programming for pleasure, but that pretty much vanished along with the remainder of my leisure time! :-( Peter peterw@syndicomm.com Palm OS Community Bulletin Board Manager (PETERW, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 546) >>>>> """"" Gee, I almost could have just ditto'ed Peter's list, other than the rock climbing and laser tag. :) For clarity's sake, I'll say Alpine skiing, Golf (my score is in the low 70's..... for 9 holes. :) Bike riding (I don't take that too seriously either) Country and Western Dancing (not to be confused with C&W _Line_ Dancing, though I'd do that as well, in a pinch), Reading, especially SF & Fantasy, (which I also don't get enough time to do any more), Playing Role-Playing games, either live, online, or computer based, Computer based Flight Sims. And lately, I've found myself fascinated with the possibilities of computer artwork, i.e. digital photography and enhancing and creating digital art. _________ | homas (TCOMPTER, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 547) >>>>> """"" Surfing the Web, Reading Technical books, Sci Fi, Fantasy, Historical Fiction. Books on War Books About war.. Dabbling in Robotics. Collecting Old Computers.. Going to Metal, Punk, Rock Concerts. (TECHNERD, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 548) >>>>> """"" Being retired, I don't do anything very active. I read a lot, both books, and on the net. I don't watch much TV any more. I mow the lawn, and shovel snow, each in their season. I do my own taxes and fix things around the house, do laundry and dishes. I also sleep a lot. Carl Knoblock - Retired - Mon 25 Apr 05 10:14:19 pm cknoblo@cox.com - Via Spectrum v2.5.3 & SOAR v1.0b10 KFest 2005, July 19-24, 2005 - 85 days till KFest On cable via LANceGS & Marinetti 2.0.1 - Thank you, Richard. A2 RTC Staff - Sunday Night House Party - carlk@syndicomm.com (CARLK, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 549) >>>>> """"" Fantasy Role Playing Games - Either live, online, or computer based. Reading Science Fiction, Fantasy, or Historic Fiction. Operating my Amateur Radio Station. (AB0MX) Building and repairing electronics. Participating in various firearms shooting competitions. Roger (SCHNORENBERG, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 550) >>>>> """"" Hobbies: Walking (about 5 miles per week at least) YMCA for exercise (1x per week) watching a few evening soaps (esp. WB) one seminary class per semester - I read slowly so this is enough singing in a Sunday evening service at church lots of forum posting on delphi and a couple of private places reading history and other non-fiction books (BBAKER, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 551) >>>>> """"" Leisure time is spent in surfing the web, keeping up the web site for the dog club to which my wife and I belong, helping my daughter with her Algebra homework, learning PHP to enhance the dog-club web site, and once in a great while having time to add a little something to the History web site. Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 552) >>>>> """"" I like the idea of dating cute girls! Unfortunately, I don't think they'd be much interested in an old bachelor like me. ;( I, too, like to read books and watch movies. Mostly the former. Every now and then I get on a movie kick and get some from the library or the movie rental place. I only go the movie theater a handful of times at the most, each year. My reading is wide ranging, with the largest portion being science fiction, "classical" fiction, history, biography, memoirs, and science. I also like to _attend_ community theater productions but have never had any inclination to acting. Besides my common interests with Ken, I enjoy woodworking (both cabinetry and carpentry), bicycling, hiking, and camping. Unfortunately, due to lingering problems from a broken ankle last August, I have not been able to participate much in these things for the past months. I also do a lot of volunteer work with the Boys Scouts. Currently, I am the Montana Boy Scout Council's Assistant Council Commissioner for the eastern part of the state. I am also into fancy cooking. I used to bake a lot but since I can no longer eat wheat, it limits that a good deal. MT Steve (S.BERNBAUM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 553) [EOA] [SCS] WORKING ON SideClick SUPPORT FOR NDAs """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Currently my top project is some SideClick support for existing NDAs (or rewriting them into SideClick savvy inits, which is more likely). Mostly because my other projects are the upcoming issue of Juiced and the GS+ CDs. :) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 20, Top 17, Msg 19) [EOA] [ASF] ANY SUGGESTIONS FOR Juiced.GS? """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Work continues on Volume 10, Issue 2. Nothing is yet set in stone, so if someone wants to make a suggestion, be my guest :) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 23, Top 2, Msg 660) [EOA] [SDC] SuperDrive - SuperDrive Controller Problem """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Anybody know why the following code, when run on an MS-DOS formatted, 720K disk in a SuperDrive on a SuperDrive Controller Card, ejects my disk and reports error $002F - Device Offline? formatRec.pCount = 4; formatRec.devName = &devName.bufString; strcpy(volName.bufString.text, ":dmtmpxx"); volName.bufString.length = 8; formatRec.volName = &volName.bufString; formatRec.reqFileSysID = 1; // ProDOS FormatGS(&formatRec); // Format the disk This same code works for 800K or unformatted disks in the drive. devName has the name .APPLEDISK3.5A in it, and volName is an empty 32-character GS/OS result string. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 53, Top 27, Msg 1) >>>>> """"" The short answer: There is a bug in the SuperDrive controller card ROM. This bug was confirmed to me some years ago by Apple's Dave Lyons. The problem you describe doesn't match 100% with the notes below, but it is near enough that it is probably a different aspect of the same bug. Also, I think I had a similar problem to you with the "Mass Format" utility I wrote in Applesoft. Here are some notes taken from the "readme" for my MUG! NDA (MS-DOS Utilities for those that don't know it). **************** Apple's 3.5" Disk Controller seems to have a problem when it does a low-level format on a double-density MFM disk (ie. 720K). The format process actually completes, and the system doesn't crash, but you can no longer access *any* 3.5" disks! You must eject the disk and do a 'three-finger-salute' reboot (a normal shutdown does not seem to be enough), after which you can finish the original operation. For example, 'Diskcopy' will format the target disk if it is unformatted or the wrong size (eg. 800K). After the format, the program fails as described above, but after rebooting the copy proceeds as the disk is now formatted. 'Format' similarly fails after the low-level format, but after rebooting you can use the 'Quick format' option to write the empty directory, etc. Note that this format problem can be seen with other programs, not just MUG! The problem *DOES NOT* occur with 1.44Mb (high-density) disks - this is not really surprising as they are already MFM-formatted for both Apple and MSDOS use. Note that 'Diskcopy' will copy 720K disks just fine if the target disk has previously been formatted for 720K. **************** Not a lot of help, I know. Sorry! :-( If you happen to find a workaround, I'd love to hear it! Peter peterw@syndicomm.com Palm OS Community Bulletin Board Manager (PETERW, Cat 53, Top 27, Msg 2) >>>>> """"" Hm. That sucks for me. Ah well. Thanks, Peter. I appreciate the information. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 53, Top 27, Msg 3) >>>>> """"" Yeah, I wasn't too happy at the time either! :-) Peter peterw@syndicomm.com Palm OS Community Bulletin Board Manager (PETERW, Cat 53, Top 27, Msg 4) >>>>> """"" One more thing. When I was experimenting to see if I could find a way around the problem, I'm not convinced I had a 100% failure rate. (That is, I suspect I *may* have succeeded some times.) The problem was that a failure cost me a reboot, which tended to discourage careful "scientific" evaluation of methods and cross-checking of results. (The "successes" may simply have been that I accidentally used a disk already formatted the right way.) It was all so long ago now... Anyway, my point is that it may still be worth doing some experimentation. And maybe even seeing if anybody from the Apple gang (such as Dave Lyons) can remember or dig up any hints. Peter peterw@syndicomm.com Palm OS Community Bulletin Board Manager (PETERW, Cat 53, Top 27, Msg 5) [EOA] [NCD] NDA OR A CDev? """""""""""""" I've been trying to decide on whether a program I'm considering working on would be best done as a NDA or a CDev, and it brought to mind the question in my mind: is there some documentation out there to help programmers decide which version their projects would best take? Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 5) >>>>> """"" In general, a CDev should only be done if the program is essentially entirely about configuring some sort of system-wide behavior. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 6) >>>>> """"" NDAs tend to be mini applications. An Apple glossary has entries for these which can be found at: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/mac/HIGuidelines/HIGuidelines-307. html Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 7) >>>>> """"" I know how to write a S16 application (although I've never released any yet) as well as a NDA (which I've released a few of). Where do I find information and sample code on how to write CDAs, TIFs, PIFs, and FExts? Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 8) >>>>> """"" CDAs are covered in the Desk Manager chapter of TBR 1. TIFs and PIFs, I'm not sure about, although I think they're covered in the appropriate File Type Notes, as are CDevs. TIFs and PIFs are very simple; they start execution at the first byte of code in the file, and return to the OS through an RTL instruction. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 9) >>>>> """"" For NDA vs CDEV, one advantage of control panels is that they can be purged from memory when not open. NDAs give you much more flexibility in what you can do with your window, though. You should be able to find sample code for CDAs, PIFs, TIFs, and FeXTs in the syndicomm file library or the TIAB CD collection. PIFs and TIFs are 100% similar except that TIFs are unloaded after executing. Finder Extras are generally a PIF (though it could be an NDA, CDA, or even a CDEV) that sets itself up to _AcceptRequests from Apple~Finder, and then does something useful with the request. The system 6 book should give some more info on them. for orca/pascal (or orca/c and orca/modula2) you can specify the program is a CDEV, CDA, or RTL (for TIF/PIF). Kelvin (KWS, Cat 59, Top 1, Msg 10) [EOA] [SSU] Softdisk G-S, Softdisk, UpTime - Available Only Until June 30 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Don't forget -- the Softdisk G-S, Softdisk, and UpTime products sold by Syndicomm will no longer be available as of July 1. Only about 7 weeks left to get them! Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 24, Top 1, Msg 65) [EOA] [ITL]------------------------ ILLUMINATING THE LAMP | ----------------------------- An overview of GEnieLamp A2 and The Lamp! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To be Continued """"""""""""""" Note from October 2004 issue: I'll say goodbye for now, but I'm not fading away as I did in 1995. I'll return some time next year to do another couple of Illuminating The Lamp columns for 2003 and 2004. Steven Weyhrich a2history@syndicomm.com http://apple2history.org [EOA] [ANS]------------------------------- ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM | ------------------------------------ by Lyle Syverson [TSU] TO SIGN UP FOR SYNDICOMM ONLINE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Please visit our web site at http://www.syndicomm.com for information or to sign up! (Logon message) [EOA] [LTE]------------------------------- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR | ------------------------------------ NO LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THIS MONTH """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" The mail box for Letters to the Editor remained empty this month. [EOA] AN INVITATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Express your opinions about the comings and goings in the world of the Apple II computers. Send your comments to Lyle Syverson, Editor The Editor reserves the right to edit any material submitted. The Editor reserves the right to reject any material he considers unsuitable for publication in _The Lamp!_. [EOA] [KF5]------------------------------ KFest 2005 | ----------------------------------- [KFR] KFest Registration - Early Bird Deadline Extended """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" To all current and potential KansasFest attendees: The deadline for Early Bird registration for KansasFest 2005 has been extended from its original date of May 15th until the end of the month! Register before June 1st and pay as little as $285 for room, board, and conference attendance. Rates increase after the end of this month, so get your forms in early! Visit for details. Also, credit card payments are now being handled via PayPal, an established and secure online method of transferring funds. If you have previously registered for this year's event using a credit card, we ask that you please make your payment by PayPal. Directions on how to do so are included in the updated registration form, now available at . If you have any questions, they can be addressed publicly on this list or privately by contacting . I've sent in my registration and am looking forward to seeing everyone else this summer! -Ken KFest Committee Dude (KGAGNE, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 38) [EOA] [PBT] WHO'S PLANNING TO BE THERE? """"""""""""""""""""""""""" So, who's planning on showing up in Kansas City this year? I'm still working on my plans at this point. Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 29) >>>>> """"" I'm registered for the event, but have made no travel plans. I preceded the past two KFests by meeting other attendees elsewhere, be it Massachusetts or Nebraska, and I am waiting to see if something similar will happen this year - perhaps in New York or D.C. -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 30) >>>>> """"" Sharon and I will be there. I'm looking forward to a change in location. Carl Knoblock - Retired - Tue 12 Apr 05 10:10:11 pm cknoblo@cox.com - Via Spectrum v2.5.3 & SOAR v1.0b10 KFest 2005, July 19-24, 2005 - 98 days till KFest On cable via LANceGS & Marinetti 2.0.1 - Thank you, Richard. A2 RTC Staff - Sunday Night House Party - carlk@syndicomm.com (CARLK, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 31) >>>>> """"" I'm still in discussions with the homefront about the extent of my Kfest attendance. It might be an abbreviated one like last year or it may be the full go. Our daughter has been quite a handfull for the both of us, so I don't think my wife is all that warm to the idea of being alone with her for a week. One can hope though. Kfest is definitely a highlight of my life the last 5 years or so. Dain (A2.DAIN, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 34) >>>>> """"" I wont be able to attend this year due to me Transferring in May - June.. I will try next year tho... (TECHNERD, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 35) >>>>> """"" I can't make it since my daughter is due in late June, but I'll be making an appearance or two via videoconference to do presentations. Maybe if everyone's real good, Sophie will make an appearance as well... :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 5, Top 7, Msg 36) [EOA] [TBH] KansasFest 2005 to be Held JULY 19-24th """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Mark your calendar and start saving some money. [EOA] [KFW] KansasFest Website """""""""""""""""" Is located here: http://www.kfest.org [EOA] [INN]------------------------------ EXTRA INNINGS | ----------------------------------- About The Lamp! The Lamp! is published on the fifteenth of every month on """"""""""""""" the WEB at: http://lamp.a2central.com/ This publication produced entirely with real or emulated Apple II computers using Appleworks 5.1 and Hermes. Apple II Forever! * The Lamp! is (c) copyright 2005 by Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W. All rights reserved. * To reach The Lamp! on Internet email send mail to thelamp@sheppyware.net * All issues of The Lamp! are available at The Lamp! Home Page, http://lamp.a2central.com/ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of A2Central.com, Delphi Online Services, Syndicomm, Ryan M. Suenaga, or Lyle Syverson. Forum messages are reprinted verbatim and are included in this publication with permission from the individual authors. A2Central.com, Delphi Online Services, Syndicomm, Ryan M. Suenaga, and Lyle Syverson do not guarantee the accuracy or suitability of any information included herein. We reserve the right to edit all letters and copy. Material published in this edition may not be reprinted without the expressed written consent of the publisher. Registered computer user groups, not for profit publications , and other interested parties may write the publisher to apply for permission to reprint any or all material. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< [EOF]